Climate is a chief factor influencing the formation, composition, temperature, chemical weathering, and precipitation of the soil. While a warm climate promotes the plant growth and humus production, cold and rainy conditions cause leaching of minerals and erosion of soil.
Soil houses enormous living organisms. Dead plants and animals are naturally decomposed by fungi, bacteria, other microorganisms, and earthworms into humus, which makes the soil fertile. Roots of the plants and trees help to hold the soil thus preventing soil erosion.
The topography of the land influences the development of soil by affecting its moisture and tendency towards erosion. Steeper regions are more prone to soil erosions.
Parent rock materials are comprised of weathered rock, volcanic ash, and sediments of air and water, which are broken down into the soil.
Time is another major determinant of the soil horizon formation. The longer the soil is exposed to the aforesaid soil-forming factors, the greater the composition and development of horizon layers of the soil.
Soil horizons
Horizons are discrete layers of soil differing in color, texture, thickness, and structure. Soil becomes denser and harder as the layers get deeper beneath. The sequence of these layers of the horizon is termed as the soil profile which is formed by the processes of decomposition and eluviation (water percolation through the soil). It is unique to each soil type in spite of wide variations in their properties caused due to geologic, climatic, topographic factors over time and distance. Soil horizons are generally given abbreviated designations, according to their profile location and composition. From the surface downwards, they are designated as follows,
A horizon
E horizon
B horizon
C horizon
R horizon
The first horizon is the organic layer labeled as ‘O’. This topmost surface horizon is rich in highly nutritious organic materials known as the humus. Humus is comprised of organic matter such as dead leaves, plants, insects, or animals, giving it a dark color ranging from dark brown to black.
A horizon
The second horizon is also a surface horizon termed as ‘A’ horizon. It is also known as topsoil comprising of high organic matter and mineral particles. This layer is the most productive layer of soil, where the plants, earthworms, and microorganisms thrive in. It is light and airy in texture and dark in color although lighter than the O horizon.
E horizon
The next layer is a sub-surface horizon labeled as ‘E’ horizon, also known as the eluviation layer. It is comprised of sand, silts, and clay particles. This layer is lightly colored and is prone to many land degradation processes such as erosion, leaching, and flooding, thus washing down the nutrients to the lower horizons.
B horizon
The next layer is the subsoil labeled as ‘B’ horizon, formed by the accumulation of soluble minerals like aluminum, silica, iron, and clay from the upper horizons. This layer has a lesser organic humus matter and thus lighter brown in color. This layer is usually dense as it holds more water due to the presence of iron and clay. Chemical processes such as oxidation of the minerals occur in this layer.
C horizon
The next horizon below the subsoil is the ‘C’ horizon, consisting of partially altered parent bedrock or the regolith. This horizon consists of the least weathered materials called the saprolite and lack most of the properties of the upper horizon layers collectively called solum, which consists of the most weathered soil. The contents of this layer are mostly rock and usually lightest in color than the other layers.
R horizon
The final horizon underlying all the layers is the ‘R’ horizon which is the bedrock of the soil. It is the deepest and hardest of all the horizon layers and is comprised of rocks such as limestone, granites, and quartzite.
The soil horizon nomenclature is further enhanced by lowercase suffixes to denote the special features of each horizon. Commonly used suffixes include a (highly decomposed organic matter), i (slightly decomposed humus), h (accumulated humus), k (accumulated carbonates), n (accumulation of sodium), q (accumulation of silica), s (a mixture of metal oxides and humus), t (accumulation of clay), y (accumulation of gypsum) and z (accumulation of soluble salts). For instance, “Bh†designates the B horizon in which humus has accumulated significantly.
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You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
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Climate is a chief factor influencing the formation, composition, temperature, chemical weathering, and precipitation of the soil. While a warm climate promotes the plant growth and humus production, cold and rainy conditions cause leaching of minerals and erosion of soil.
Soil houses enormous living organisms. Dead plants and animals are naturally decomposed by fungi, bacteria, other microorganisms, and earthworms into humus, which makes the soil fertile. Roots of the plants and trees help to hold the soil thus preventing soil erosion.
The topography of the land influences the development of soil by affecting its moisture and tendency towards erosion. Steeper regions are more prone to soil erosions.
Parent rock materials are comprised of weathered rock, volcanic ash, and sediments of air and water, which are broken down into the soil.
Time is another major determinant of the soil horizon formation. The longer the soil is exposed to the , the greater the composition and development of horizon layers of the soil.
Soil horizons
Horizons are discrete layers of soil differing in color, texture, thickness, and structure. Soil becomes denser and harder as the layers get deeper beneath. The sequence of these layers of the horizon is termed as the soil profile which is formed by the processes of decomposition and eluviation (water percolation through the soil). It is unique to each soil type in spite of wide variations in their properties caused due to geologic, climatic, topographic factors over time and distance. Soil horizons are generally given abbreviated designations, according to their profile location and composition. From the surface downwards, they are designated as follows,
A horizon
E horizon
B horizon
C horizon
R horizon
The first horizon is the organic layer labeled as O. This is rich in highly nutritious organic materials known as the humus. Humus is comprised of organic matter such as dead leaves, plants, insects, or animals, giving it a dark color ranging from dark brown to black.
A horizon
The second horizon is also a surface horizon termed as A horizon. It is also known as topsoil comprising of high organic matter and mineral particles. This layer is the most productive layer of soil, where the plants, earthworms, and microorganisms thrive in. It is light and airy in texture and dark in color although lighter than the O horizon.
E horizon
The next layer is a as E horizon, also known as the eluviation layer. It is comprised of sand, silts, and clay particles. This layer is lightly colored and is prone to many land degradation processes such as erosion, leaching, and flooding, thus washing down the nutrients to the lower horizons.
B horizon
The next layer is the subsoil labeled as B horizon, formed by the accumulation of soluble minerals like aluminum, silica, iron, and clay from the upper horizons. This layer has a lesser organic humus matter and thus lighter brown in color. This layer is usually dense as it holds more water due to the presence of iron and clay. Chemical processes such as oxidation of the minerals occur in this layer.
C horizon
The next horizon below the subsoil is the C horizon, consisting of partially altered parent bedrock or the regolith. This horizon consists of the least the saprolite and lack most of the properties of the upper horizon layers collectively called solum, which consists of the most weathered soil. The contents of this layer are mostly rock and usually lightest in color than the other layers.
R horizon
The final horizon underlying all the layers is the R horizon which is the bedrock of the soil. It is the deepest and hardest of all the horizon layers and is comprised of rocks such as limestone, granites, and quartzite.
The soil horizon nomenclature is further enhanced by lowercase suffixes to denote the special features of each horizon. Commonly used suffixes include a (highly decomposed organic matter), i (slightly decomposed humus), h (accumulated humus), k (accumulated carbonates), n (accumulation of sodium), q (accumulation of silica), s (a mixture of metal oxides and humus), t (accumulation of clay), y (accumulation of gypsum) and z (accumulation of soluble salts). For instance, Bh designates the B horizon in which humus has accumulated significantly.
Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?
Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.
Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.
Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.
Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!
While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.
Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.
In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.
Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.
We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!
We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.
Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.
We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.
Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.
There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.
Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.
We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!
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